India Pakistan Ceasefire

 India Pakistan ceasefire

After military provocations that had brought the two nuclear-armed neighbors to the brink of war had picked up, on May 10, 2025, India and Pakistan pledged to bring a complete and immediate cessation of hostilities. A ceasefire was reached after late-night negotiations by U.S., represented by, President Donald Trump, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and Vice President JD Vance; and leadership on both India and Pakistan, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, which were direct.

Background: Escalation Leading to Ceasefire

It began after 26 Hindu pilgrims were killed in a brutal terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir on April 22. The attack was associated by India with Pakistan based militant organizations that led to counter moves such as “Operation Sindoor”, which targeted the elimination of supposed terrorist networks in the Pakistani administered area. Pakistan retaliated with “Operation Bunyan al-Marsus”; using drone and missile explosions on major cities in India such as New Delhi.

After this escalation, a few days of furious air maneuvers took place between more than 125 fighters from the two countries. India has reported losing the number of aircraft including three Rafale jets – an indication for the first time that these advanced jets were used in a combat loss. The Pakistani military with its Chinese manufacture armada of J-10C jet fighters was a strong component of these fighting encounters.

Ceasefire Agreement and Immediate Challenges

The shootings aimed at stopping ongoing military activities and decreasing the level of tensions between relocated countries. On the other hand, the countries soon exchanged accusations of truce violations a few minutes after declaring the ceasefire. India claimed to have exploded and launched drone attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, saying it was Pakistan that was behind the incidents, but Pakistan reported that Indian missiles hit three of its air bases.

However, Pakistan assured that it stands by the ceasefire and also looks forward to diplomatic talks. India emphasized its readiness to respond; its response was explained as necessary military actions.

International Reactions and Future Outlook

There has been increasing international alarm about the escalation of tensions. Warsaw, USA was pivotal in bringing the recent ceasefire, but other countries such as China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey have encouraged all sides to cool off and proposed to be involved in negotiations. However, there are still hostilities, since both countries hold their military in a state of high alert.

The settlement requires that military activities, on land, in the air, and in the sea cease and military communication lines are opened. Pakistan has cleared its airspace but India has maintained a ban on the aircraft until May 23.

While the region struggles with this uncertain ceasefire, international gaze is focused on the ongoing diplomatic attempts at dealing with root causes and delayed flare-ups.